Barg vs Bara: Understanding Absolute and Gauge Pressure

A common difference of terms arises when referring to air or pneumatic pressure, and those are gauge (BarG) pressure and absolute (BarA) pressure. Both can accurately describe a system, but when performing calculations and tests, it’s important to distinguish the difference. Fluid systems rely on power transmitted through a gas or liquid to accomplish a … Read more

Design Strategies and Characteristics of Adaptive Machines

In this article, we take a look at adaptive machines and how they differ from traditional manufacturing techniques. With Industry 4.0 approaching, manufacturing processes and industrial control systems will change dramatically with adaptive machines set to become the next generation production method. The rapid growth of consumer product developments combined with changing consumer requirements is … Read more

Making Sense of Serial Communication Methods

This article provides an introduction to several serial communication methods and how to understand and apply them. Industrial automation systems have always required special communication methods in order to be programmed and to work seamlessly between networked devices. Generations of proprietary and open-source standards have led to a confusing web of related techniques and terms. … Read more

The Evolution of Autonomous Mobile Robots

What are autonomous mobile robots and how did they come to be a crucial part of the industrial manufacturing industry? Why are Autonomous Mobile Robots Important? Autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) have changed the way manufacturers and warehouses operate. They are often the backbone of cheap drop shipping industries and function around the clock to help … Read more

Troubleshooting TRIAC Outputs For PLC AC Modules

When troubleshooting AC outputs driven by TRIACs, some confusing meter readings can result from the solid state properties of a series circuit. In this article, learn proper troubleshooting techniques. In most discrete PLC systems, the process of troubleshooting output devices is quite simple. If the output terminal is working, then you should measure 0 volts … Read more

Understanding the Basics of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

Power delivered to devices can be changed by raising or lowering the voltage and current. But this method does not always produce intended results. Pulse width modulation (or PWM) can be used to better control variable loads. What is Pulse Width Modulation? Load devices are designed to run efficiently and perform their respective tasks when … Read more

Fundamentals of Industrial Networking: Basic Terms and Concepts

This article includes a list of some common definitions for industrial networking concepts, described in simplified terms to provide a baseline understanding of the concepts. Networking for industrial devices involves many concepts and terms that are uncommon for industrial electrical professionals. Although communication does involve electrical signals, that’s about the end of the list of … Read more